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Kurzfassung auf Englisch:

Brain-Computer Interfaces are one of the fastest growing fields in neuroscience and neuroengineering. While the technology has the potential to bring significant benefits to a wide range of areas, there are various risks associated with its adoption. This thesis explores the risk and challenges of Brain-Computer Interfaces. A semi-systematic literature review was conducted to provide a comprehensive risk assessment from 184 sources. Seventeen overarching risk areas were identified that encompass technical, ethical, philosophical, regulatory, and legal concerns. These risks have the potential to impact individuals, research, industry, and society. The key findings indicate a discrepancy in the level of attention given to different risks, suggesting areas that require further detailed investigation. The work emphasises the necessity for the establishment of robust governance frameworks, guided by responsible innovation and the integration of diverse stakeholder perspectives with the objective of aligning Brain-Computer Interface development with ethical standards and societal needs.